The interventional instruments operated by surgical robots also vary depending on the surgical scenario ( 5- 8). Vascular interventional surgery robots are commonly designed for angioplasty, vascular embolization, or radiofrequency ablation. The development of vascular interventional surgical robotics has occurred over many years, but has been complicated by challenging therapeutic methods and surgical procedures, as well as the various types of surgical equipment involved. Robotic technology has been used in medicine since the mid-1990s, primarily in surgery and radiation therapy ( 4). The main advantages of using robotic technology are the increased levels of speed, precision, reproducibility, and endurance compared with human performance. These robotic systems are intended to shorten procedural times and reduce patient exposure to contrast agents and radiation, while allowing operators to perform surgery using a remote console behind a radiation shield. To protect radiologists and surgeons from potential health problems caused by fluoroscopy radiation and to minimize patient radiation doses, many institutions have been working in recent decades to develop robotic systems aimed at precisely steering and positioning interventional tools for catheter-based interventional surgeries, such as guidewires, microcatheters, balloons, and stents. Hence, interventional surgeons face two major health risks: fluorescent radiation and musculoskeletal strain ( 3). However, this equipment can be heavy and burdensome for radiologists when performing interventional surgery. To limit the occupational radiation dose to an acceptable level, radiologists usually use personal protective equipment, such as aprons, thyroid shields, eyewear, and gloves ( 2). However, the effects of radiation cause concern for patients and interventional radiologists alike.
The benefits of interventional radiology are both extensive and beyond dispute. Interventional radiology has developed over the last several decades, becoming one of the three main effective therapies, alongside internal medicine and surgery ( 1). Accepted for publication Published online. Keywords: Haptic feedback medical robotics vascular interventional surgery On the basis of summarizing the current research status of remote vascular interventional surgery robotics, we aim to propose a variety of prospects for future robotic systems. This review, which includes 113 articles published in English, introduces the mechanical and structural characteristics of various aspects of vascular interventional surgical robotics, discusses the current key features of vascular interventional surgical robotics in force sensing, haptic feedback, and control methods, and summarizes current frontiers in autonomous surgery, long-distance robotic telesurgery, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible structures. To summarize the developmental status and key technical points of intravascular interventional surgical robotics research, we performed a systematic literature search to retrieve original articles related to remote vascular interventional surgery robotics published up to December 2020.
Nevertheless, vascular interventional surgery combined with robotics provides more cutting-edge directions, such as Internet remote surgery combined with 5G network technology and the application of artificial intelligence in surgical procedures. However, the current vascular interventional robots have numerous shortcomings, such as poor haptic feedback, few compatible surgeries and instruments, and cumbersome maintenance and operational procedures. Remote vascular interventional surgery robotics is a hot research field, in which researchers aim to not only protect the health of interventional doctors, but to also improve surgical accuracy and efficiency. Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research MisconductĪbstract: Vascular interventional doctors are exposed to radiation hazards during surgery and endure high work intensity.Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process.
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